Explanation of Rotator Cuff Muscles (with pic)
The rotator cuff muscles include the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. They are usually remembered with the help of the mnemonic SITS muscles. Together, the four rotator cuff muscles are involved in movement of the shoulder and the stabilization of the glenohumeral joint. Below, you’ll find information about each of these muscles.
Supraspinatus
The supraspinatus originates at the supraspinous fossa (part of the scapula) and attaches to the greater tubercle of the humerus. This muscle is responsible for abducting the arm (raising it to the side in the plane of your body). This muscle is innervated by the suprascapular nerve (C5 root).
Infraspinatus
The infraspinatus muscle arises from the infraspinous fossa and attaches to the greater tubercle of the humerus. Infraspinatus acts to externally rotate the arm. This muscle is innervated by the suprascapular nerve (C5-C6 nerve roots).
Teres Minor
The origin of teres minor is the lateral border of the scapula and, like supraspinatus and infraspinatus, it attaches to the greater tubercle of the humerus bone. The teres minor muscle externally rotates the arm (like infraspinatus), but it is innervated by the axillary nerve (C5 root).
Subscapularis
The subscapularis muscle is considerably different in origin, attachment, and function than the other rotator cuff muscles. This muscle originates from the subscapular fossa and inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus. It internally rotatoes the humerus and is innervated by the subscapular nerve (C5-C6 roots).
The supraspinatus is the most commonly torn of all the rotator cuff muscles. Physical therapy is often the first treatment option used. Many people have found the Ultimate Rotator Cuff Training Guide to be helpful in reducing pain and strengthening these muscles. Click here to learn more about it.
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